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| Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient |
| | The ratio of the amount of a substance that will dissolve in octanol versus the amount that will dissolve in water. The higher the octanol/water partition coefficient the greater the tendency of substance to be stored in fatty tissues. |
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| Odds Ratio (O/R) |
| | A statistical calculation in a case-control study involving the ratio of risk of an exposed group to that of an unexposed group. An O/R=2 means that the exposed group has twice the risk of the non-exposed group. |
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| One Hit Model |
| | This is the most conservative quantitative cancer assessment model. It assumes that a single molecular event can induce a cell transformation which leads to cancer. |
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| Organogenesis |
| | The period of fetal development when the embryo differentiates and specific organs develop. |
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| OSHA |
| | Occupational Safety and Health Administration. The component of the Department of Labor responsible for assuring safe working conditions. |
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| Oxidation |
| | A change in a chemical characterized by the loss of electrons. |
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