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| Oligodendrocyte |
| | A type of glial cell in the CNS that wraps itself around an axon to form myelin, which serves like insulation. |
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| Oncogene |
| | Altered or misdirected proto-oncogene which then has the ability to transform the normal cell into a neoplastic cell. Most oncogenes differ from their proto-oncogenes by a single point mutation. |
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| Organ System |
| | A group of organs that contribute to specific functions within the body. |
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| Organelle |
| | An intracellular structure that performs a specific function or group of functions. |
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| Organic Compound |
| | A substance that contains covalently-bonded carbon and hydrogen and often other elements. |
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| Organophosphate Chemical |
| | Organic chemicals that contain a phosphate group. Many are highly toxic, as they are capable of inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase at neural synapses. Many pesticides and some warfare agents are organophosphate chemicals. |
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| Organs |
| | A group of tissues precisely arranged so that so they can work together to perform specific functions. |
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